牙周病牙膏英文

在美国看牙医免不了要用英语沟通，各种牙齿英文叫什么？牙痛、牙龈出血、蛀牙、口腔溃疡英文怎么说？补牙、植牙、种牙、洗牙英文怎么说？收藏这一篇就够了！

牙医中英文对照

口腔中英文对照

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牙周炎是一种破坏性疾病，由积聚在牙龈及其附近牙面、齿颈缘的牙菌斑内细菌所分泌的毒素令牙周组织发炎所致[6]。常见的牙周病菌种是伴放线聚集杆菌（Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans）和牙龈卟啉单胞菌（porphyromonas gingivalis）等革兰氏阴性厌氧菌，它们的毒素使宿主释放IL-1β，IL-6，TNF-α，PGE2等细胞激素，导致结缔组织分解、牙槽骨破坏吸收[7]。

除了微生物因素，另有环境因素（口腔清洁、烟及槟榔、食物硬度）、宿主因素（年龄、压力、免疫力、内科疾病、磨牙症、咬牙癖）、咬合因素（咬合不正、外伤性咬合）均会影响牙周炎、牙周病的形成。

In this later stage, the gum separates from the teeth and forms “pockets,” which are small spaces between your teeth and gums.

口臭原因各种各样，包括食物、酒精或烟、较差的口腔卫生 、 牙周病 、 糖 尿病、口干、窦或喉部感染、肺部感染或脓肿、肾/肝功能衰竭、肠胃问题及严重的节食。

The causes of bad breath are numerous and include

certain foods, alcohol or cigarettes, poor

dry mouth, sinus or throat infections,

lung infections or abscesses, kidney/liver failure, gastrointestinal issues and severe dieting.

如果您的口腔衛生習慣不佳，且罹患牙齦炎 (口內的牙齦組織發炎) 或牙周病 (牙齒周 圍的骨質流失，有時候會稱為「膿漏」)，就應該諮詢牙醫 和 牙周病 專 科 醫師，並與牙科保健員合作，改善牙齦炎及接受全面的居家口腔衛生指導。

If you have poor oral hygiene and are

your dentist and periodontist and work with your dental hygienist to improve gingivitis and thorough oral hygiene instruction at home.

政府於2001年由衞生署進行首次的全港口腔健康調查，雖然結果顯 示本港的口腔健康狀況，較過去有所改善，但蛀牙 及 牙周病 的 問 題卻迫 在眉睫。

Although the results showed that the

oral health conditions in Hong Kong were better than before, the problems of

我 們建議政府考慮增加經常開支，在18區的長者健康中心附設小型牙科

We suggest that the Government should consider increasing the relevant expenditure and setting up small-scale dental clinics under the elderly health centres in the 18 districts to provide relatively cheaper dental services, with a view to meeting urgent

demand for dental services, such as tooth-filling, extraction or treatment of

该产品来源于小牛骨的单相羟基磷灰石，不仅具有良好的生物相容性，互连多孔性，长期稳定性，慢吸收性，而且还具有理想的骨诱导性和人体耐受性，产品的适应症包括： 植 牙 ， 牙周病 ， 口 腔外科和颌面外科手术。

The product - a single-phase hydroxyapatite of bovine origin - is characterised by its biocompatibility based on interconnecting macroporosity, long lasting stability with slow resorption and an optimum osteoconductivity as well as the good tolerance.

牙龈病，也称为牙周病，是 指发生于支持在牙齿周围的牙龈及骨骼的感染。

Gum disease, also called periodontal disease, is an infection [...]

of the gums and bones that surround and support your teeth.

梁家傑議員：主席，衞生署在2001年進行的口腔健康調查結果顯示，51% 的 5歲學童和97.5%年齡介乎35至 44歲的成人有蛀牙問題，而59.5%的 12 歲學童有患上牙周病的危機。

MR ALAN LEONG (in Cantonese): President, the findings of a survey on oral health conducted by the Department of Health in 2001 showed that 51% of the school children aged above five and 97.5% of the

調查報告主要針對兩種最常見的 牙患，包括蛀牙和牙周病，以 及接受評估的人士的口腔健康行為和習慣。

The survey report mainly targeted the two

as the oral health-related

behaviour and habits of the people evaluated.

除 長 者 外 ......長 者 的 牙 齒 問 題 有 很 多 ， 剛 才 已 經 說 過 ， 包 括 蛀 牙、牙瘡、牙周病引致 牙齒逐顆鬆脫、牙肉痛(由於摩擦產生牙肉痛)等， 表面看來，這些問題只會引致不便，但正如剛才所說，其實是會導致營 養不良的。

Apart from the elderly …… there are indeed many problems concerning the teeth of the elderly and these have been mentioned earlier, such as the loosening and falling off of teeth as a result of tooth decay, abscess and periodontosis.

根据《牙周病杂志 》发表的一项研究显示，采取适当的牙龈治疗能显著降低胎儿早产或是婴儿出生体重低的风险。

According to a study published in

significantly reduces the risk of

having a pre-term birth or an infant with low birth weight.

如果您有唇繫帶過長的問題，就可能需轉診 至 牙周病 專 科 醫師，接受口腔診斷及稱為唇繫帶切除的手術。

If you have an oversized labial frenum, you may be

consultation and surgical procedure called a frenectomy.

Last but not least, diseases such as caries or periodontitis can lead to [...]

幸运的是，轻度至中度的牙周病可以 通过目视检查和牙周探诊来进行诊断。

[...] to moderate gum disease can be diagnosed [...]

by visual exam and pocket probing.

調查發現在成人組別中，高達97.5%蛀過牙，而且差不多一半 患有牙周病，至 於長者不但普遍有蛀牙及患 有 牙周病 ， “ 甩 牙 ” 情 況亦相 當普遍，近半長者牙齒脫落，剩下20隻牙，甚至更少。

[...] they generally had tooth decay experience and gum disease, and tooth loss was a common problem, for nearly [...]

half of the elderly population had lost their teeth to the extent of having less than 20 teeth and even less teeth remaining.

輕微牙周病： 牙齦輕 微發炎(紅腫)，容易流血，並開始萎縮，出現牙周袋。

The gums show mild inflammation (red [...]

and swollen), bleed easily and begin to recede with pocket formation.

根據衞生署在2006年 4月至5月期間進行的一項調查發現，不少三十

According to a survey conducted by the Department of Health (DH) between April and May

2006, many people in their thirties already

任何人都可能因为龋齿、牙周疾病、 牙 根 感 染或者外伤而缺失牙齿

Anyone can lose teeth, whether

of the tooth roots or as a result of an accident.

[...] 方 常 用 於 諸 熱 性 病 、 口 腔 粘 膜 潰 爛 、 急 性 牙 周 病 、 鵝 口 瘡 、 口 內 炎 、 白 喉 、 口 唇皰 疹 、 頭 [...]

瘡 、 吐 血 、 衄 血 、 齒 齦 發 炎 、 急 性 支 氣

管 炎 、 肺 炎 、 膽 炎 、 急 性 盲 腸 炎 等。

balancemedicalsupplies.com

This formula is often used in

herpes in the mouth and lips, head sores, haematemesis, epistaxis, gingivitis, acute bronchitis, pneumonia, cholecystitis, acute appendicitis, etc.

balancemedicalsupplies.com

調查結果顯示，恆齒蛀蝕程度和 牙周病 程 度 隨年齡而上 升；12歲學生的牙周狀況顯示他們有可能患 上 牙周病 ； 牙 根 表 面蛀蝕問 題在成年人及長者中逐漸出現。

decay and gum disease still cannot be treated lightly, as findings of the survey also showed the following: The level of tooth decay of permanent teeth and gum disease continued to increase with age; the risk in the development of gum disease was already noticeable [...]

at the age of 12; and there was an emerging presence of root surface decay among adults and older persons.

[...] Sexual Medicine》发表的一项研究表明，因患有严 重 牙周 疾 病 而 导 致牙龈发炎的30至40岁男性与未患有该疾病的正常男性相比，其患有勃起障碍的几率要高三倍。

Men in their thirties who had

three times more likely to suffer

from erection problems, according to a study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine.

如果是牙周治疗服务（齿龈疾病）， 会员必须提供 X 光片和牙周图。

For periodontal services (gum disease), member must submit x-rays and periodontal charting.

牙醫的病人是 指曾在任何時候接受該牙醫、其執業上的合夥 人、或所接替執業的牙醫診治，而在執業記錄上載有其姓名的 [...]

A patient of a dentist means someone who [...]

has, at any time, consulted that dentist, a partner in his dental practice, or

a dentist in a practice which that dentist has taken over, and whose name appears in the records of the practice.

這對於牙科病患可 說是特別貼切，因為牙齒受 到口腔疾病侵襲 時，如能及早得到治療，無論是涉 及 牙周 或 其 他方面 的毛病，都可以防止病患惡 化至需要脫牙的地步。

This applies particularly to dental diseases because if our teeth are affected by oral diseases, be it periodontal or other diseases, prompt treatment can arrest the teeth from being deterioration [...]

to the extent the extraction is required.

在医务科，拟新设 15 个本国员额(6 个本国干事和 9 个本国一般事务人员)， 因为该科在过去数年里已经扩大了它所提供的服务，这些服务包括联科行动总部

诊所不间断地运作，该诊所现在为强化一级诊所，而不是以前的一级诊所；病人

合国国家工作队提供支助；拟议在库马西后勤基地每天提供八小时的医疗支助，

In the Medical Services Section, the establishment of 15 additional national posts (6 National Officers and 9 national General Service staff) is proposed, as the Section has over the past years expanded the services it provides, which include round-the-clock operation of the UNOCI headquarters clinic, which is now functioning at level I-plus rather than the previous level I; patients are followed up at their homes after discharge from level III hospitals; patients are regularly visited in the 11 level III hospitals in Abidjan and in Sector West and Sector East; doctors in the regional

headquarters perform outreach

and to the United Nations country team as part of the United Nations integrated framework; and medical support is proposed to be provided eight hours a day at the logistics base in Koumassi as opposed to the current two hours a day.

試想想，當醫生正 在為病㆟把脈或為肚子不適的病㆟檢查，又或者有 位 牙 醫 正在 替 病 ㆟ 拔 牙 ， 而 另㆒隻手， 卻拿 電話筒，嘗試回答有關本條例草案的問題，而本條例草案又是這樣的複雜，連我自 己也不得不承認，在理解方面感到困難。

Just imagine, a doctor feeling the

telephone on the other, trying to answer questions relating to the current Bill, which is so complicated that I, myself, have to admit that I have difficulty to apprehend.

在国家一级举办了下列与特殊疾病有关的一些会议和研讨会：与地中海贫血

年 6 月，德黑兰)、糖尿病治疗新发现(2008 年 4 月，德黑

兰)、管理特殊疾病患者的治疗费用(2007 年 11 月，德黑兰)、糖尿病研讨会(2007 年 4 月，德黑兰)、诊断和治疗特殊疾病新发现(2006 年 11 月，德黑兰)、糖尿病 中的心脑血管疾病(2008 年 8 月，德黑兰)，以及遗传病高级诊断国际讲习班(2007 年 3 月，德黑兰)。

Some conferences and seminars held at the

national level related to special diseases

Patients, in cooperation with

the Thalassaemia International Federation (Tehran, March 2008), New Findings in Treatment of Lung Cancer (Tehran, June 2008), New Findings on Treatment of Diabetes (Tehran, April 2008), Management of Treatment Costs of Patients with Special Disease (Tehran, November 2007), Seminar on Diabetes (Tehran, April 2007), New Findings in Diagnosis and Treatment of Special Diseases (Tehran, November 2006), Cardio-vascular Diseases in Diabetes (Tehran, August 2008), and International Workshop on Advanced Diagnosis on Genetic Diseases (Tehran, March 2007).